RICHARD J. STIGGINS is widely known as an advocate of classroom assessments in the service of student learning. His long career in testing brought him to that vantage point: He holds a doctorate in ...

With the shift in education towards data-driven instruction, teachers spend inordinate amounts of time on assessments: checking for understanding, formative assessment, summative assessment, quizzes, ...

In today’s evolving educational landscape, effective student assessment goes beyond multiple-choice tests and letter grades. According to a recent study, over 60 percent of educators believe ...

This chapter discusses the relationships between formative and summative assessments—both in the classroom and externally. In addition to teachers, site-and district-level administrators and decision ...

Coming of age in the 1970s and 1980s, I thought of school as a parallel universe. There was school life, which happened between the hours of 8 a.m. and 3 p.m., and there was real life, which was ...

Classroom Assessment Techniques (CATs) are simple, low-pressure ways to check how well students are understanding the material. These methods are efficient, student-centered strategies that provide ...

Formative assessments are tools used during instruction to provide real-time feedback, helping both students and educators make immediate improvements. Unlike summative assessments, which evaluate ...

Visit NAP.edu/10766 to get more information about this book, to buy it in print, or to download it as a free PDF. Airasian, P. W. ( 1991). Classroom assessment. New York: McGraw Hill. American ...